• Arsenic is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity

  2020-11-26

  

  Arsenic is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity. Further study has shown that arsenic exposure can significantly increase the expression of estrogen receptor-related genes, steroid metabolism-related enzymes and lung cancer-related genes in the lung tissues of female mice on the occurrenc

• Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene exp

  2020-11-26

  

  Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene expression [1,2]. as two of the three estrogen receptors are transcription factors: Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ [[3], [4], [5]]. The most potent ligand estradiol, binds to ERα/ERβ and exerts changing cognate gene transcription [5]. O

• Estrogens Definition and history The term

  2020-11-26

  

  Estrogens: Definition and history The term “estrogens” refers to a group of female hormones, including estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estretrol (Fig. 1). Chemically, estrogens belong to the family of organic compounds known as steroids. As such, their core structure is composed of 17 carbon-carbo

• In the brain E can modulate the

  2020-11-26

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• We report here that ESCL protein

  2020-11-26

  

  We report here that ESCL protein exhibits a temporal expression profile that is complementary to that of ESC, including substantially higher levels of expression during larval and adult stages than embryogenesis. We show that ESCL, like ESC, binds directly to E(Z) via its WD repeats and is physicall

• PI K Akt signaling pathway is known in

  2020-11-26

  

  PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is known in modulating cell apoptotic process (Saurus et al., 2015). To study the contribution of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ERRγ-mediated anti-apoptotic effect in podocytes, we examined phosphorylation of Akt and expression of PI3K subunits p110α and p85α via qRT-PCR a

• br Methods br Results and discussion

  2020-11-26

  

  Methods Results and discussion Conclusions Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1603285). Overview of the MAPK pathway The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as a ca

• br Thy nephritis is one of the most

  2020-11-26

  

  Thy1.1 nephritis is one of the most commonly used models to study the course of immunoglobulin A and other mesangioproliferative nephropathies. To date, most of the studies have focused on mesangial and, to a lesser extent, endothelial cell recovery following capillary damage, whereas data concern

• In normal chow fed mice EP

  2020-11-25

  

  In normal chow fed mice, EP4 deficiency also decreased the expression of CYP8B1, the downstream target of CYP7A1. Similarly, knockdown of EP4 with small interfering RNA reduced the expression of CYP8B1 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, it was anticipated that there would be an increased expression of CYP8B

• br Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial

  2020-11-25

  

  Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding the structural mechanisms of substrate recognition and the reactions catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes, but more work remains. In particular, future research will be needed to establish how OGT and OGA inte

• In mammals NETs contain DNA and antimicrobial proteins

  2020-11-25

  

  In mammals, NETs contain DNA and antimicrobial proteins composed mainly of nuclear histones, granule-derived neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, pentraxin, and gelatinase among others [11], [46], [47], [48]. In fish, NETs-like structures have been observed, and DNA staining and immuno

• The structure of the HOIP RBR LDD module

  2020-11-25

  

  The structure of the HOIP RBR–LDD module bound to UbcH5~Ub reveals insights into an activated HOIP component [47]. Contacts between the E2~Ub and the non-cognate RBR module in the crystal suggest how a structure in which the active sites of the E2 and the E3 are in close proximity might look. In thi

• BRCC is the catalytic subunit responsible for the majority o

  2020-11-25

  

  BRCC36 is the catalytic subunit responsible for the majority of K63-Ub-specific DUB activity in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus as part of two distinct macromolecular assemblies characterized by the presence of either of the MPN– pseudo DUB proteins KIAA0157 or Abraxas (Cooper et al., 2009, Dong et

• Over the past decade targeting DNA repair

  2020-11-25

  

  Over the past decade, targeting DNA repair proteins has emerged as an effective tool to enhance chemosensitivity of malignant cells [9]. However, identification and selection of the proper target of DNA repair pathways is critical to increase cytotoxic activity of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer c

• In the present work we ask whether rNMP incorporation is

  2020-11-25

  

  In the present work, we ask whether rNMP incorporation is an evolutionarily conserved property of DNA synthesis in Archaea. For this purpose, we used the best characterized hyperthermophilic anaerobe, Pyrococcus abyssi GE5 [47]. This strain duplicates its genome as fast as Bacteria, supported by euk

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