• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Type diabetes is a progr

  2022-07-30

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a progressive metabolic disorder which is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production [1]. The metabolism of glucose by glycolysis increases the ATP:ADP

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments This research was support

  2022-07-29

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Korea Research Foundation (2013R1A1A2007509). The authors thank to Dr. Moon Ho Son (Dong-A Pharm. Co. Ltd) for hGPR119 agonist activity assay. We also thank to Pharmacal Research Institute and Central Laboratory of Kangwon Nationa

• br The presence of an active

  2022-07-29

  

  The presence of an active glyoxalase pathway in an apicomplexan parasite was first reported in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (Vander Jagt et al., 1990). Some years later, glyoxalase I and both glyoxalase II enzymes were characterized in this parasite (Akoachere et al., 2005, Iozef et

• Although we showed that RBL H Sc cells took up

  2022-07-29

  

  Although we showed that RBL-2H3 Sc98 A 61603 hydrobromide took up histamine from the microenvironment, it was unclear which transporter mediated its passage across the plasma membrane. Other biogenic amines have selective transporters that belong to the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family, inc

• br Methods GLUT DS was diagnosed either when analysis of

  2022-07-29

  

  Methods GLUT1DS was diagnosed either when analysis of the SLC2A1 gene showed a pathogenic mutation and/or when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis met the criteria for GLUT1DS: a CSF tachykinin receptor below the 10th percentile, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood ratio below the 25th percentile

• In the GLUT family glucose transporter GLUT is primarily

  2022-07-29

  

  In the GLUT family, glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) is primarily responsible for basal glucose uptake and maintenance of glucose basal metabolism in cells (Olson and Pessin, 1996). High GLUT1 expression occurred in various types of human cancers, like brain tumor, lung cancer and esophageal cancer (Nis

• br Methods br Results and discussion br Conclusions A third

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  Methods Results and discussion Conclusions A third example of a hexokinase using polyphosphate exclusively as a phosphoryl donor has been identified, this time in mammalian tissues. This is the first polyphosphate utilizing enzyme activity demonstrated in mammalian Paxilline as far as we ar

• The effect of GCK NES

  2022-07-29

  

  The effect of GCK-NES mutations on enzyme kinetics and protein stability might account for the hyperglycaemia that characterizes MODY2 patients, since reduced GCK activity would increase the threshold for glucose stimulated insulin release in beta-cells [31,37,49]. However, a more in depth functiona

• Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepati

  2022-07-29

  

  Genetic disruption or pharmacologic inhibition of the hepatic glucagon pathway has invariably been shown to increase pancreatic α cell mass. This has been observed in glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (Gcgr−/−) mice (Gelling et al., 2003), glucagon knockout mice (Hayashi et al., 2009), prohormone co

• Previously we have shown that

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  Previously, we have shown that ghrelin and cannabinoids stimulate hypothalamic AMPK activity (Kola et al., 2005). In contrast, both the orexigenic compounds have inhibitory effects on AMPK activity in the liver and visceral fat (Kola et al., 2005). In this study, we were able to reproduce our previo

• br Genetic manipulation variation of the

  2022-07-29

  

  Genetic manipulation/variation of the ghrelin system and alcohol-related outcomes Genetic manipulation of the ghrelin system (either the peptide or the receptor gene) via knockout rodent models has provided further insight into the role of this system in alcohol seeking and consummatory behaviors

• br Signals transmitted via MEGJ MEGJ

  2022-07-29

  

  Signals transmitted via MEGJ MEGJ facilitate the direct transfer of ion currents or small molecules between EC and VSMC. Molecules passing through MEGJ are mainly second messengers such as Ca2+, IP3, and cAMP [31,32,] or endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) signals [34, 35, 36]. Moreover,

• br Conflicts of interests br Acknowledgements We thank Drs

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  Conflicts of interests Acknowledgements We thank Drs. T. Tomita and T. Iwatsubo (Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-presenilin 1-CTF antiserum, Dr. A. Takashima (Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-Pen-2 antiserum and the laboratory members for helpful comments and discussion. M

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2022-07-29

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported under the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 31200576, 21472197, 21675162), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 7182189), and Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant

• The synthesis route of strobol C started from kirenol

  2022-07-29

  

  The synthesis route of strobol C started from kirenol, which was treated with phosphomolybdic pcpt hydrate in acetone to afford isopropylidenkirenol () as illustrated in . Treatment of with acetic anhydride in a mixture of dry pyridine, gave fully protected intermediate in 84.5% yields. Hydrolysi

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